Object Oriented Modeling And Design James Rumbaugh Ebook Free 24
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UML serves a great way of creating professional documentation which is a necessary part of any project development. UML is an essential part of creating an object-oriented design of systems. It provides you means for creating powerful models and designs for rational systems which can be understood without much difficulties.
UML is an object-oriented unified modeling language. It was invented by brilliant software engineers Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh of Rational software during 1994 and 1995. It was under development until 1996.
At the same time, Grady Booch and James Rumbaugh worked at unifying their object-oriented analysis and design methods, the Booch method and Object Modeling Technique (OMT) respectively. In 1995 Ivar Jacobson joined them and together they created the Unified Modelling Language (UML), which includes use case modeling. UML was standardized by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 1997.[6] Jacobson, Booch and Rumbaugh also worked on a refinement of the Objectory software development process. The resulting Unified Process was published in 1999 and promoted a use case driven approach.[7]
The powerful abstraction techniques of encapsulation, inheritance, and composition make object-oriented programming more than just a language paradigm; it is a methodology for program design.120 Modeling the problem domain in a class-oriented fashion allows the components of an entire system, along with their relationships and interactions, to be described before a line of programming code is ever written. Most recent developments in object-oriented programming have concentrated on the best techniques to model the universe of a problem domain and to create useful ontologies from which software implementations can be written.
A significant step in the advancement of ontology modeling was the creation of the Unified Modeling Language (UML).121 While an object ontology may be rigorously specified in various formats, humans in many cases more quickly understand visual representations of information.122 Between 1988 and 1992, following on the heels of the invention of C++, several leading object-oriented programming experts, among them Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and Jim Rumbaugh, introduced books describing techniques for graphically modeling relationships in object-oriented languages.123 Although the notations used by the authors were similar, they had several differences which ultimately caused confusion. Working in 1996 under the auspices of the Object Management Group (OMG)124, Booch, Jacobson, and Rumbaugh merged their notations,125 producing the Unified Modeling Language in 1997.126
UML also allows the representation of composition in which a component class is a part of a larger whole.128 Classes that depend on other classes can be represented using a dotted line with an open arrowhead. While created for object-oriented software modeling, the UML class diagram provides a consistent and straightforward graphical representation for communicating any ontology.129
Crucial to domain-driven modeling is recognition that any model by definition is an incomplete specification, along with an understanding of how models can be analyzed and modified to better reflect the domain. In the computer science field, formal studies in this area began under the rubric refactoring as presented in a 1992 Computer Science PhD thesis by William Opdyke entitled Refactoring Object-Oriented Frameworks.132 Opdyke's thesis defines a set of object-oriented restructuring operations (refactorings) that support the design, evolution, and reuse of object-oriented application frameworks.133
Since Opdyke published this first treatise on refactoring, others have begun to collect lists of common refactorings that are useful guides in redefining software domain models. Martin Fowler's Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code141 in 1999 and Joshua Kerievsky's Refactoring to Patterns142 in 2005 are two famous examples. As understanding of object-oriented modeling has improved, the latest discussion on refactoring in the computer science community, including Eric Evan's Domain-Driven Design in 2004, has increasingly centered on a domain model-centric modifications of software designs. As early as 1997 Bertrand Meyer in his classic Object-Oriented Software Construction, Second Edition realized the importance of proper domain modeling when he addressed danger signals that indicate less-than-optimal choices in determining which classes should exist in an ontology. Meyer describes a performance-oriented class an example of one that might not actually represent a valid category in the domain:
In an earlier quote, Bertrand Meyer pointed out that in designing object-oriented computer models, defining a class by what it does rather than what it is usually points to a design flaw.206 Several legal scholars have applied analogous reasoning to the division of Fee Simple Qualified estates and found the division artificial. While other estate classes are arranged according to the length of their life or whether they contain the possibility that ownership can be taken away, the main distinction between Fee Simple Determinable and Fee Simple on Condition Subsequent is procedural: only the latter supposedly requires the original owner to take explicit action to recover the property.
Each pattern describes the circumstances in which it is applicable, when it can be applied in view of other design constraints, and the consequences and trade-offs of using the pattern within a larger design. All patterns are compiled from real systems and are based on real-world examples. Each pattern also includes code that demonstrates how it may be implemented in object-oriented programming languages like C++ or Smalltalk. 2b1af7f3a8